# Mole Calculator

> Convert between moles, grams, particles, and volume at STP for chemistry calculations

**Category:** Chemistry
**Keywords:** mole, moles, grams, particles, avogadro, chemistry, conversion, STP, volume
**URL:** https://complete.tools/mole-calculator

## How it calculates

The Mole Calculator performs conversions using the following formulas: 

1. To convert moles to grams: 
   Mass (g) = Moles (mol) × Molar Mass (g/mol) 

2. To convert grams to moles: 
   Moles (mol) = Mass (g) ÷ Molar Mass (g/mol) 

3. To convert moles to particles: 
   Particles = Moles (mol) × Avogadro's Number (6.022 × 10²³ particles/mol) 

4. To convert moles to volume at STP: 
   Volume (L) = Moles (mol) × 22.4 L/mol 

Each variable in these equations serves a specific purpose: 'Moles' quantifies the amount of substance, 'Molar Mass' is the mass of one mole of a substance, and 'Volume' is the space occupied by the gas at STP. The calculator systematically applies these relationships to facilitate accurate conversions.

## Who should use this

Chemists preparing solutions in a laboratory setting. Chemical engineers designing chemical processes that require precise stoichiometry. Educators teaching students about stoichiometric conversions in chemistry courses. Pharmacists calculating dosages based on molecular weights of compounds. Environmental scientists assessing gas emissions in terms of moles and volume.

## Worked examples

Example 1: Convert 2 moles of sodium chloride (NaCl) to grams. The molar mass of NaCl is 58.44 g/mol. 
Mass (g) = Moles (mol) × Molar Mass (g/mol) 
Mass = 2 mol × 58.44 g/mol = 116.88 g. 
Thus, 2 moles of NaCl correspond to 116.88 grams. 

Example 2: Convert 5 grams of water (H₂O) to moles. The molar mass of water is 18.02 g/mol. 
Moles (mol) = Mass (g) ÷ Molar Mass (g/mol) 
Moles = 5 g ÷ 18.02 g/mol ≈ 0.277 mol. 
Therefore, 5 grams of water is approximately 0.277 moles. 

Example 3: Convert 3 moles of carbon dioxide (CO₂) to particles. Using Avogadro's number, 
Particles = Moles (mol) × Avogadro's Number (6.022 × 10²³) 
Particles = 3 mol × 6.022 × 10²³ particles/mol ≈ 1.806 × 10²⁴ particles. 
Hence, 3 moles of CO₂ is approximately 1.806 × 10²⁴ molecules.

## Limitations

This tool assumes the use of ideal gas behavior for volume calculations, which may not apply to all real gases under all conditions. Precision is limited by the significant figures of the input values. It also requires accurate molar mass for each compound, which can vary based on isotopic composition. Additionally, the calculator does not account for temperature and pressure variations outside STP, which can affect gas volume calculations. Lastly, the tool may not accurately convert between units for non-standard conditions or mixtures of substances without specified molar masses.

## FAQs

**Q:** How does the calculator determine the molar mass of a substance?


**A:** The calculator uses periodic table data, summing the atomic masses of each element in the compound, multiplied by its number of atoms in the formula.


**Q:** Can this calculator be used for solutions with multiple solutes?


**A:** The calculator is designed for single substances; multiple solutes require individual calculations for each component based on their respective molar masses.


**Q:** What happens if the molar mass is not known?


**A:** Without the molar mass, the calculator cannot perform conversions, as it is essential for determining the relationship between grams and moles.


**Q:** Is the volume at STP applicable to all gases?


**A:** The volume at STP is based on ideal gas behavior, which may not accurately represent real gases under all conditions or at high pressures.

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*Generated from [complete.tools/mole-calculator](https://complete.tools/mole-calculator)*